推荐网站：
- CUBE - Current British English searchable transcriptions (权威)： http://cubedictionary.org/
- 英语文本与音标的转换 (有的有错误)： http://lingorado.com/ipa/
- BBC News live (Free): http://www.freeintertv.com/view/id-2328
[iː] [i] [ɪ]
- [iː]有长音和短音两种，短音[i]一般见于字母ly结尾单词末尾，如family的y发的是[i]而不是ɪ。嘴角在发音时向两侧咧开。长元音时长约为短元音2倍。
- [iː]/[i]的发音类似于中文的“一“，舌头前部要提高；[ɪ]的发音必[i]:上下开口度略大，也可以将舌头往后拱起。
- [ɪ]口腔比[iː]比起来，舌头往里缩，更放平，且开口度更大一些，气沉丹田，短促有力。
[iː] 字母组合
| ee/ea | see | agree | eat | seat | team |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [siː] | [əˈgriː] | [iːt] | [siːt] | [tiːm] |
| ie | field | piece |
|---|---|---|
| [fiːld] | [piːs] |
| e | these | metre | secret | evening | equal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ðiːz] | [ˈmiːtə] | [ˈsiːkrɪt] | [ˈiːvnɪŋ] | [ˈiːkwəl] | |
| Peter | museum | European | Chinese | Japanese | complete |
| [ˈpiːtə] | [mju(ː)ˈzɪəm] | [ˌjʊərəˈpi(ː)ən] | [ˌʧaɪˈniːz] | [ˌʤæpəˈniːz] | [kəmˈpliːt] |
| i | ski | kilo | litre | pizza | police | machine | magazine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [skiː] | [ˈkiːləʊ] | [ˈliːtə] | [ˈpiːtsə] | [pəˈliːs] | [məˈʃiːn] | [ˌmægəˈziːn] |
| ey/eo | key | people |
|---|---|---|
| [kiː] | [ˈpiːpl] |
[i] 字母组合
| y/ee/ie | happy | coffee | busy | sixty | any | many | Jennie |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ˈhæpi] | [ˈkɒfi] | [ˈbɪzi] | [ˈsɪksti] | [meni] | [eni] | [ʤeni] |
注意: 词尾的字母y通常都发[i]，而不发[ɪ]
[ɪ]字母组合
| i | if | listen | miss | dinner | swim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ɪf] | [ˈlɪsn] | [mɪs] | [ˈdɪnə] | [swɪm] |
| u/ui/y | busy | business | building | system |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ˈbɪzi] | [ˈbɪznɪs] | [ˈbɪldɪŋ] | [ˈsɪstəm] |
| e | defect | decide | delicious |
|---|---|---|---|
| [dɪˈfekt] | [dɪˈsaɪd] | [dɪˈlɪʃəs] |
对比音
| sheep | ship | bean | bin | meal | mill | heel | hill |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ʃiːp] | [ʃɪp] | [biːn] | [bɪn] | [miːl] | [mɪl] | [hiːl] | [hɪl] |
句子练习
This pill’s got vitamin C in‿it.
ðɪs pɪlz gɒt ˈvɪtəmɪn si: ɪn‿ɪt.
对话1
In a cafe: ‘It’s cheaper to eat at Marguerite’s’
CHRISTINA: What would you like to eat, Peter? The cheese sandwiches are the cheapest.
PETER: Er…mm…oh, a cheese sandwich, please, Christina.
CHRISTINA: Cheese…mmm…Janine? Would you like a beef sandwich or a cheese sandwich?
JANINE: A cheese sandwich, please.
PETER: What about you Christina? Would you like cheese or beef?
WAITRESS: Are you ready to order? What would you like to eat?
CHRISTINA: Er, we’ll have one beef sandwich, two cheese sandwiches and, mmm, tea for me.
JANINE: Tea for me too, please.
PETER: Yes, make that three tea, please.
WAITRESS: (writing down order) One beef sandwich, two cheese sandwiches and three teas.
对话2
Three interesting films
BILL: Good evening, Mrs Lee.
GINA: Is Kim in?
BILL: Is he coming to the cinema, Mrs Lee? It’s the Children’s Film festival.
MRS LEE: Kim’s ill.
BILL: Here he is!
GINA: Hi, Kim!
KIM: Hi, Gina! Hi Bill!
BILL: Kim, we’ve got these three free tickets to see three winning films for children!
MRS LEE: Listen, Kim…
KIM: Is it interesting?
GINA: We think it is. First there’s a short film about gorillas and chimpanzees in Africa, and…
BILL: …then the next film is about the six best Olympic gymnastics competitions, and then…
GINA: …then it’s the big film - The history of English Cricket.
KIM: Cricket!
BILL: It’s a terrific film.
MRS LEE: If you’re ill, Kim…
GINA: It would be a pity to miss it.
MRS LEE: Now listen, you kids…
BILL: And it begins in fifty minutes.
MRS LEE: KIM!
KIM: Quick! Or we’ll miss the beginning of the gorilla film.
[e] (ɪ)
- [e]的发音嘴型要扁，嘴角往两边拉，比[iː]的左右拉伸度稍微小些。从梯形图可见，上下开口度要大于[ɪ]，但小于[æ]。
- 要点1：舌位要靠前！不要用汉语的“挨”代替。在发“挨”的位置，舌头往前伸，就是[e]了。
- 要点2：先摆位置再发音！在发音过程中，嘴不要动。要先动嘴摆好舌头和开口度，再声带振动发出声音。不要一边张开嘴，一边把声音发出来。
[e] 字母组合
| e | check | leg | letter | red | sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ʧek] | [leg] | [ˈletə] | [red] | [ˈsentəns] |
| ea | bread | head | read |
|---|---|---|---|
| [bred] | [hed] | [red] |
| ie | friend |
|---|---|
| [frend] |
| a/ai | any | many | again | said |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [eni] | [ˈmeni] | [əˈgen] | [sed] |
对比音
| pin | pen | bin | ben | tin | ten | bill | bell |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pɪn | pen | bɪn | ben | tɪn | ten | bɪl | bel |
句子练习
Ben, Jennie, Emma, and Fred are very clever.
ben, ˈdʒeni, ˈemə, ənd fred ə ˈveri ˈklevə.
对话
Friends
ADELE: Hi, Emma! Hi, Ben! Hello, Emily! Hello, Eddie! Hi, everybody!
EVERYBODY EXCEPT KEVIN: Hi, Adele!
EMILY: Nice to see you again, Adele. Kevin, this is Adele. Adele, this is Kevin.
ADELE: Hi Kevin. Are you listening to the Red Hot Chili Peppers? It’s terribly loud.
KEVIN: Yes… (turns the music down) Is that better? (Adele nods her head) Are you a friend of Emma’s?
ADELE: Yes.
KEVIN: Emma said she had a friend called Adele.
EDDIE: Help yourself to Mexican food, Adele. It’s on the kitchen bench.
EMILY: And there’s French bread on the shelf.
BEN: Can I get you a drink, Adele?
ADELE: Yes, thanks, Ben. Some lemonade with a bit of ice in it.
EMMA: Have you met my friend Adele yet, Kevin?
KEVIN: Yes. I’ve just met her. She’s very friendly.
BEN: How did you spend your holiday, Adele?
ADELE: I went to South America with my best friend Kerrie.
EVERYBODY: Well!
EMMA: We’re all jealous.
EDDIE: Was it expensive?
ADELE: Not very. But I spent everything. I haven’t any money left.
